Month: April 2019

Antibiotics Medicines And Antifungal Drugs – Third-generation Cephalosporins

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These have a broad spectrum of activity and include the following drugs:

Cefotaxine (Biotax, Clazforn, Omnatax), Ceftazidime (Fotum), Ceftizoxime (Cefizox), Cefoperazone (Magnamycin), Ceftriaxone (Cefaxone, Monocef), Cefixime (Cefspan, Topcef), Cefdinir (Adcef), Cefpodoxime (Cepodem) Ceftibuten (Procadax).

Due to their ability to penetrate the central nervous sxstem, third-generation cephalosporins – except cefoperazone and cefixime – can be used to treat meningitis, including meningitis caused by pneumococci, meningococci, H influenzae, and susceptible gram-negative rods (bacillary infections of alimentary system). Cefoperazone and ceftazidine are effective in pseudomonas infections of various body organs. In these infections an aminoglycoslde such as gentamicin is also given. Other potential indications include sepsis of unknown causes in the immunocompetent patient and susceptible infections in which cephalosporins are the least toxic drugs available. In neutropenic, febrile immunocompromised patients, third-generation cephalosporins can be effective if used in combination with an aminoglycoslde. They are commonly used in hospital settings in patients with serious systemic infections. Ceficime, cefdinir, cefpodoxime and ceftibuten are effective orally also.

Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins

Cefepime (Kefage) can be used in resistant infections due to gram negative rods and staphylococci causing septicemia. Cefpirome (Cepodem, Cefoprox) has same utility as cefepime. These are very expensive.

Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins: Allergy: Cephalosporins are sensitizing and may variety of hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, fever, skin rashes, nephritis, granulocytopenia, and hemolytic anaemia. The chemical nucleus of cephalosporins is sufficiently different from that of penicillins, enabling some individuals with a history of penicillin allergy to tolerate cephalosporins. However, patients with a history of anaphylaxis to penicillins should never receive cephalosporins.

Toxicity: Local irri!ation can produse severe pain after intramuscular injection and thrombophlebitis after intravenous injection. Renal toxicity, including interstitial nephritis (kidney tissue swelling) and even tubular necrosis, has been demonstrated and has caused the abandonment of cephaloridine.

Cephalosporins that contain a methylthiotetrazole group (for example, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone) frequently cause hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding disorders. Adminstration of vitamin K, 10 mg twice weekly, can prevent this. White cells count and platelet count are reduced in rare cases.

Drugs with the ‘methylthiotetrazole ring can also cause severe reaction with alcohol (intolerance), consequently, alcohol and alcohol-containing medications must be avoided.

Super-Infection

Many second and particularly third generation cephalosporins are ineffective against grampositive organisms, especially stayphylococci and enterococci. During treatment with such drugs, these resistant organisms, as well as fungi, often proliferate and may induce super infection.

Linezolid (Lizolid, Linox)

It is effective in resistant pneumococci, staphylococci and enteric organisms induced infections. It may cause suppression of bone marrow and interacts with decongestant drugs whose dose should be reduced.

Fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin (Cipad, Ciplox, Cipride), Norfloxacin (Anquin, Biofloxin, Norflox), Ofloxacin (Travid, Zanocid), Pefloxacin (Peflox, Piflasyn), Lomefloxacin (Lomef), Sparfloxacin (Torospar), Levofloxacin (Loxof), and Gatifloxacin (Gatri)

In 1990 fluoroquinolones were introduced to tackle ever increasing menace of resistance gram-negative rods. Since then many more drugs have been developed which have effects against both gram positive and negative bacteria, anaerobes and tuberculosis organisms. These drugs affect the DNA of bacteria. Unfortunately due to overuse, resistance is becoming the problem again.

Ciprofloxacin is presently a drug of choice for typhoid fever, (chloramphenicol is no longer used) gonorrhoea, abdominal (bowel) infections and diarrhoea, soft tissue and bone infections. It can be used 500 mg twice a day orally or intravenously in serious cases.

Adverse Effects: Some of the adverse effects of ciprofloxacin are loss of appetite, nausea and bowel upset, dizziness, restlessness, loss of sleep, poor concentration and tremulousness (avoid driving). Drug allergy may cause skin eruptions. A potentially serious problem is that it may cause cartilage damage as based on animal studies so should be used sparingly in children (although it is best to avoid it). Theophylline, caffeine, warfarm show toxicity when taken with ciprofloxacin and require staggering or reduction in dose. Pain relievers may cause more CNS adverse effects of ciprofloxacin. Antacids, milk and iron salts reduce absorption of ciprofloxacin, therefore, do not take with milk or after meals.

Norfloxacin is less potent to ciprojloxacin but is effective in the treatment of urinary tract infection and diarrhoea. Its usual dose is 400 mg twice a day in adult and it is not recommended for children.

Pefloxacin is a good drug for meningeal infections and typhoid fever. A single dose of 400 cures gonorrhoea.

Ofloxacin is effective in urethritis, cervicitis and atypical pneumonia. It is useful in tuberculosis also. Food does not reduce its absorption.

Sparfloxacin has greater activity to treat pneumonia, sinus infection, and ear infections, It is longer acting so it given in a dose of 200-400 mg once a day. It may cause disturbed heart beats particularly when other drugs are given along with it (drugs for depression and cisapride).

Gatefloxacin is like sparfloxacin in action and is increasingly used for the treatment of pneumonia, gonorrhoea, and urinary passage infections. Usual dose is 400 mg once a day. It has the same drawbacks as sparfloxacin.

Levofloxacin is completely absorbed orally and is less likely to interact with drugs (unlike ciprojloxacin and others). High cure rates are achieved in pneumonia, sinusitis, acute kidney infections and soft tissue infections. It is used in a dose of 500 mg once a day.

Skin and Coat Medicine for Dogs

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The happiest dog can easily become quite miserable when they develop a skin or coat problem. Dogs, which have required nothing beyond simple grooming and a healthy diet for years, can be struck by disease or old age and the effect is often evident in their coat. It may lack the healthy sheen you are used to seeing. Or maybe the dog has developed spots on his skin that itch and have become irritated. The problem could be the result of changing nutritional needs due to his age.

Or it could be the result of a disorder that requires treatment, such as endocrine disorders, congenital or inherited disorders, parasites, trauma, infectious disease or an immune disorder. For some dogs, the problem can be something simple like an allergy to something in the environment. Allergies can strike dogs at an early age or upon exposure. It is hard for a dog to ignore itchy skin. Without treatment, the dog may keep scratching to the point that its skin becomes inflamed. Once that happens, the dogs skin may not heal quickly and infection sets in.

The answer can be as simple as skin and coat supplements, which provide the skin with the nutrients it needs to be healthy. These supplements contain fatty acids, which are natural anti-inflammatories, vitamins and minerals all needed to ensure your dog has a shiny, healthy coat and skin. Or the dogs condition may require skin and coat medications. These come in various strengths and formats lotions, shampoos, conditioners and sprays.

Lotions

Some lotions, like Resicort Leave-on Lotion, contain 1 percent hydrocortisone and are indicated for the relief of inflammation and pruritus. You should massage it deep into the dogs coat to soothe allergic skin. The lotion leaves a film behind that continues to treat the skin and coat long after its been applied.

Conditioners

Just as children with chicken pox have found that an oatmeal bath can provide a lot of relief, it can do the same for dogs. Oatmeal-based conditioners, like Epi-Soothe Oatmeal Cream Rinse, are used after shampooing to help relieve itchy or sensitive skin by restoring the moisture and natural oils to the skin. As a side benefit, it can also make longer coats more manageable and less likely to tangle. There is also Relief Cream Rinse, which combines colloidal oatmeal and proxamine HCL, to soothe itching caused by a variety of skin conditions. Its emollients and Omega-6 fatty acids will continue to nourish the dogs skin if it is not rinsed out.

Shampoos

With almost all of the dogs body covered with fur, finding the right shampoo is important. With myriad varieties of dog shampoos, there is one for almost any canine condition. For outdoor dogs, there are shampoos like Adams Flea Shampoo, which kills fleas, ticks and lice. Skunk-Off shampoo is as mild as tearless baby shampoo with the deodorizing ingredients found in the original Skunk-Off liquid. Products like Douxo Calm Shampoo are for dogs suffering from allergies. It gently cleans the allergens from the skin and protects against further attack by helping the skin heal. Allegroom Shampoo cleanses without heavy stripping of the lipid layer and adds moisture to the surface. Allergroom contains no fragrances, soaps or detergents, and is pH controlled. There are also high-lathering shampoos, such as Keratolux Shampoo, that help remove scales and crust common to seborrhea and other skin disorders.

What Are Sports Medicine Doctors and How Can They Treat Sports Related Injuries

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Sports medicine is the practice of diagnosing, healing and rehabilitating patients from injuries or illnesses that occur through their participation in sports or athletic activities. Young athletes of all ages, weekend warriors and seniors who wish to keep fit can all benefit at times from sports medical services.

Treatment for sports injuries can involve certified athletic trainers, primary care physicians and osteopaths, orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and exercise physiologists. They treat sports related injuries of the neck, back and spine, hip, knee, foot, ankle, shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, and hand. Though many might call themselves a “sports medicine” specialist, this category is not recognized as such by the medical community in the U.S. So sports medicine doctors begin achieving such recognition by initially completing medical training, residency and certification in another area of study: most often in the fields of Orthopedics or Osteopathy.

Once they have received their respective degrees and complete their residency, they enroll in a one to two year sports medicine fellowship program. Osteopathic sports medicine doctors are more likely to be non-surgical or primary care givers. Orthopedic surgeons typically focus on surgical patient care.

Accreditation is mandatory before representing themselves as a sports medicine specialist. The organizations that certify these physicians are the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) for medical doctors; and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists for Osteopaths.

Surgical fellows concentrate their studies on surgical techniques for sports injuries. Non-surgical fellows focus on diagnostics, non-surgical treatments, and rehabilitation. There is some overlap as both categories of these sports medicine doctors must gain perspective on the issues and treatments used by the other. And both groups of fellows learn how to apply their new specialty to their original one (such as pediatrics, neurology, internal medicine, etc).

The healthcare community and the public view D.O.’s (Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine) and M.D.’s (Medical Doctors) similarly. But the manner in which they treat patients can be different. Unlike M.D.’s Osteopaths, perform hands-on manipulation to injuries, not unlike a physical therapist or exercise physiologist. However, they are not limited to this course of treatment. Osteopaths also perform traditional medical treatments, surgery, and can prescribe drugs. But the AMA only recognizes D.O.’s and M.D.’s as licensed sports medicine doctors.

Commonly – especially for weekend warriors and seniors – family doctors are often the entry for treatment to a minor sports injury. But if further treatment is needed for wounds or other serious injury, your family doctor calls in a specialist; be it a primary care sports medicine doctor for an acute injury, or a physical therapist if your primary care physician diagnoses nothing more than a severely pulled muscle. It should be noted that since sports medicine is not a specialty, and with more and more Americans remaining active longer, many primary care physicians keep abreast of advancements in this field.

If you wish to find a primary care sports medicine doctor in your area, contact your local, state, or the national office of the American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine.

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How Natural Medicine Can Help You

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When you get sick, you go to the doctor. And the doctor will, of course, prescribe medicines. You will go and buy medicines. You take them, and hopefully, you get well.

This is how the health profession goes on nowadays – a cycle of diagnosis and prescription.

If anyone were to give you herbs for medicine, you would probably say that that person was a quack.

But nowadays, studies are being conducted to see if there are really is any merit to what is called natural medicine.

Natural medicine is the use of natural methods, herbal medicines, and traditional practices to heal ailments. Every culture has a form of natural medicine. In ancient cultures, village medicine men served as the doctors of the community, passing on medical knowledge to the apprentices that followed them.

Many categories of the healing methods fall under natural medicine. Among these are traditional medicine, complementary medicine, and alternative medicine.

Usually, natural medicine refers to medical practices that were in place before the advent of modern medicine.

This includes herbal medicine, or phytotherapy, which is prevalent in Chinese, Ayurvedic(or Indian), and Greek medicine.

Upon the advent of modern medicine, many professionals discarded the use of herbs in favor of man-made medicine. The fact that these treatments are based on the healing properties of some herbs was forgotten.

For example, opium, digitalis, quinine, and aspirin all have their roots in traditional medicine.

Natural medicine can be considered as a lost art. This does not mean that it has lost efficacy over time. In some cases, natural therapy is actually better than modern medicine. This leads some doctors to seriously consider and study the possible uses of natural medicine

Before we continue, it is important to stress that not all the natural remedies are legitimate. It would help to only try those remedies which have been thoroughly studied and are relatively risk free.

Take herbal medicine for example. There are many well-documented and studied herbal remedies available. However, only those that deal with minor ailments such as cough, colds, fever, skin rashes, and its ilk are likely to be recommended by health professionals. These remedies are sometimes superior to synthetic medicine. This is because herbal medicines are less likely to cause negative side effects.

Currently there are numerous organizations that study the effects and advocacy of natural medicine – among which is herbal medicine. Some governments and health agencies openly advocate the use of natural methods since they are inexpensive and relatively risk-free.

As their studies compile, more herbs and treatments are added to the list of accepted medicines. However, many herbs and treatments have been proven to be bogus medicine. This represents a challenge for both the user and the agencies because they have to ascertain that the treatments they either use or advocate are legitimate.

There exist today many alternative medical treatments that fall under natural medicine. However, not all of them have been proven to be effective. You could mention homeopathy, aromatherapy, acupuncture, and other alternative medical treatments. It would pay to consult the experts as to the legitimacy of these treatments.

Natural medicine should also be thought of as an accompanying medicine. Right now, the current collective medical thought suggests that natural medicine be used only to supplement accepted modern medical practices. In that case of minor ailments your expert we actually advise you to take natural therapies instead.

The practice of modern medicine revolves around diagnosing an illness and prescribing treatments for such. Natural medicine is helpful because it suggests that treatment be not necessarily given only when sick. Natural medicine strives to make each patient practice good health habits. These habits include good diet, healthy living, and the regular natural treatment.

It is this same line of thought that leads our parents to tell us to eat our vegetables. Yes, a healthy lifestyle and will do no harm to our well-being. And this is the foundation of natural medicine – may it be massage, herbal medicine, aromatherapy or others.

It is funny but true that science, in its quest for excellence, is studying the knowledge of sages past. This, surprisingly, leads us back to the remedies nature offers. The possibilities of finding remedies to everyday illnesses in natural medicine are encouraging. So staying tuned to studying these remedies is worthwhile until we can verify that these therapies are truly helpful to our health and our society.

Additional reading is available on eczema treatment.

Grow Up Taller Liquid Supplement Remuneration In Excess Of Medicine

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Height enlarge is single of the in the sphere of things at present attracting the attention of many. Near are many methods with the aim of maintain been advocated to complete height enlarge. A little methods are temporary, such the same as the depletion of sole inserts and elevator shoes, while others aspire to harvest undeviating or else genuine obtain in the sphere of height. These include various stretching exercises, swimming and the depletion of growth supplements.
Growth supplements in favor of height enlarge approach in the sphere of various forms but they fall into a little broad categories. The at the outset kind entails boosting the production of own growth hormone or else the fusion of the growth plates. However, by the side of the age of 21 in the sphere of females and 25 in the sphere of males, the growth plates fuse and growth in the sphere of height ceases.
The succeeding kind of growth enlarge remedies utilizes man-made growth hormone, which became standard a petty in excess of a decade before. It is, however, weighed down with so many region things with the aim of it is often replaced by a third kind of growth supplements.
The third kind of growth supplements is an attempt to prevent the region things of man-made growth hormones. This kind is comprised of growth hormone analogues or else look-alikes. Near is yet on other kind.
The carry on kind is made up of the amino acids. These bring about on the rule with the aim of amino acids are the building blocks of body proteins. Near are twenty-two standard amino acids, dazed of which the body can manufacture fourteen. The left over eight maintain to be present eaten in the sphere of food and are, therefore, called the essential amino acids.
At present, height growth supplements approach in the sphere of various forms. They can be present either solid medicine or else liquid. While both are equally first-class, near are a selection of advantages with the aim of liquid supplements maintain in excess of the tablet forms.
Grow up Taller Liquid supplements are other well-located to depletion.
It is a piece of evidence of life with the aim of rebuff single would like to take a medication if not it is unquestionably crucial. The argue in favor of this is for the reason that nearly everyone colonize maintain a bad remembrance of bitter pills and would try avoiding pills the same as much the same as on the cards.
The taste of pills is often very repellent especially whilst they break up in the sphere of your lip. This is someplace liquid supplements maintain an obvious frame in excess of medicine.
Comfortable to Swallow
It is not comfortable to swallow medicine. The same as declared earlier, not everybody is used to swallowing medicine. The main hindrance habitually deceit in the sphere of the tendency in favor of medicine to break up in the sphere of your lip, releasing with the aim of unwelcome taste and smell. It is in favor of this argue with the aim of many individuals maintain tried to develop several difficult mechanisms in favor of swallowing medicine. Near are folks who try to fill the lip with irrigate or else throwing in the sphere of the tablet and after that swallowing. This may well be present a very tricky procedure in favor of folks not used to it for the reason that they may well conclusion up choking on the tablet.
Others try putting the tablet in the sphere of the lip or else pouring in the sphere of irrigate and other difficult stuff. The first-class point is with the aim of with liquid growth supplements, all these difficult manoeuvres are not crucial. You simply pour in the sphere of the vital amount and you are to your house complimentary.
While near are discrete preferences the same as to the depletion of either liquid or else tablet forms of height enlarge supplements, it appears with the aim of nearly everyone colonize strength of character locate the liquid variety other striking.
Idiosyncrasies

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